Molecular Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Genetic Profiling

Abstract

The high heterogeneity has become apparent in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and the solitary leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Tumor from benign to malignancies derives by gradual and progressive genetic alterations develop into a collection of neoplastic diseases. The parameters are assessed to indicate the extent and prognosis of the disease such as tumor node metastasis stage, tumor grade, microsatellite status, lymphovascular invasion. It is investigated KRAS mutation status in a metastatic to predict the response to anti-epidermal growth factor.  CRC has been described that have prognostic and therapeutic relevance at a distinct molecular level. In the present study, the researcher recruited 65 CRC patients with different stages of the tumor at the right-sided colon, left-sided colon and rectum. We have also recognized left-sided was more complex than right sided CRC patents. In CRC, it has revealed the major differences in the characterization of inflammatory infiltrations and cells location in tumor types. All the patients were stratified into different prognostic and therapeutic groups with the help of these parameters. Though, CRC show intra-tumor heterogeneity due to not clear-cut stratification. However, several CRC patients with single tumor mutations show differences in their mutational status, morphology, inflammatory infiltrate and gene expression. In conclusion, the primary focus on the concept of molecular heterogeneity their metastases and clinical implication in CRC.